Category:demonstratives
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Overview of three types of demonstratives found in Lushootseed
- adjectival demonstratives (also known as demonstrative adjectives)
- Proximal (nearby)
- This house is large.
- These houses are large.
- Distal (far away)
- That river is long.
- Those rivers are long.
- Proximal (nearby)
- pronominal demonstratives (also known as demonstrative pronouns)
- Proximal
- This is a large house.
- These are large houses.
- Distal
- That is a long river.
- Those are long rivers.
- Proximal
- adverbial demonstratives (also known as demonstrative adverbs)
- Proximal
- A large house is located here.
- Large houses are located here.
- Distal:
- A long river is located there.
- Long rivers are located there.
- Proximal
see also:
Adjectival demonstratives
Set I: used for masculine/neutral nouns and plural feminine nouns | |||
Northern | Southern | pastəducid | Technical description |
tiʔəʔ | ti | this | proximal adjectival demonstrative |
tiʔiɫ / tiiɫ | tiiɫ | that | distal adjectival demonstrative |
ti | šə | a/the particular one | adjectival demonstrative of unique reference |
tə | tə | a/the | non-contrastive/neutral adjectival demonstrative |
kʷi | kʷi | a, any, some | hypothetical/remote adjectival demonstrative |
tiʔacəc | tiʔacəc | specific reference adjectival demonstrative |
Set II: used for singular feminine nouns and small animals | |||
Northern | Southern | pastəducid | Technical description |
tsiʔəʔ | tsi | this | proximal adjectival demonstrative |
tsiʔiɫ | tsiiɫ | that | distal adjectival demonstrative |
tsi | sə | a/the particular one | adjectival demonstrative of unique reference |
tsə | tsə | a/the | non-contrastive/neutral adjectival demonstrative |
kʷsi | kʷsi | a, any, some | hypothetical/remote adjectival demonstrative |
tsiʔacəc | tsiʔacəc | specific reference adjectival demonstrative |
Pronominal demonstratives
Set I: used for masculine/neutral nouns and plural feminine nouns | |||
Northern | Southern | pastəducid | Technical description |
tiʔəʔ | ti | this, these | proximal pronominal demonstrative |
tiʔiʔəʔ, tiiʔəʔ | these | ||
tiʔiɫ / tiiɫ | tiʔiɫ | that, those | distal pronominal demonstrative |
tiʔiʔiɫ, tiiʔiɫ | those |
Set II: used for singular feminine nouns and small animals | |||
Northern | Southern | pastəducid | Technical description |
tsiʔəʔ | tsi | this | proximal pronominal demonstrative |
tsiʔiɫ | tsiʔiɫ | that | distal pronominal demonstrative |
Adverbial demonstratives
Set I: used for masculine/neutral nouns and plural feminine nouns | |||
Northern | Southern | pastəducid | Technical description |
diʔaʔ | dišaʔ | here | proximal adverbial demonstrative |
tiʔaʔ | right here | proximal adverbial demonstrative (more specific) | |
tudiʔ / tadiʔ | over there, over yonder | distal adverbial demonstrative | |
taʔa | right over there, right over yonder | distal adverbial demonstrative (more specific) | |
kʷədiʔ | that way over there | remote adverbial demonstrative |
Set II: used for masculine/neutral nouns and plural feminine nouns | |||
Northern | Southern | pastəducid | Technical description |
tsiʔaʔ | here | proximal adverbial demonstrative | |
tsudiʔ / tsadiʔ | over there, over yonder | distal adverbial demonstrative | |
tsaʔa | over there, over yonder | distal adverbial demonstrative (more specific) |
Number of times this entry has been verified against the sources, including at the time of creation: 2
In general, an entry with a higher number of verifications and sources may be considered more reliable.
sources
- 1994, Dawn Bates, Thom Hess and Vi Hilbert, Lushootseed Dictionary, ISBN 0-295-97323-4, University of Washington Press, pp. 224–5, 228–229
- 1995, Thom Hess and Vi [taqʷšəblu] Hilbert, Lushootseed: The language of the Skagit Nisqually, and other tribes of Puget Sound, an Introduction: Book I, Lushootseed Press, ch. 3, 4
- 1995, Thom Hess, Lushootseed Reader with Introductory Grammar. Vol. 1: Four Stories from Edward Sam, ISBN 9781879763111, University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics, no. 11, Missoula: University of Montana pp. 77–79
Subcategories
This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total.